Freethought of the Day

July 26

George Bernard Shaw



On this date in 1856, George Bernard Shaw was born in Dublin, Ireland. After his parents separated, Shaw moved to London at age 20, where he built a long, distinguished and often controversial career as a critic, journalist, stage director, women’s rights advocate, war critic, religion critic and, most notably, playwright. Shaw wrote over 50 plays ranging from tragedies to comedies to powerful social critiques. Some of his most famous productions include “Man and Superman” (1903), “Saint Joan” (1923), “Caesar and Cleopatra” (1901), “Major Barbara” (1905) and “Pygmalion” (1913). Shaw’s strong allegiance to socialism as a means to improve the lives of the working class was evident throughout much of his literary and dramatic work.

Shaw, along with fellow freethinkers Beatrice and Sidney Webb and others had leadership roles in the Fabian Society, a socialist movement which attracted Bertrand Russell, Virginia Woolf and Annie Besant. Together with atheist Graham Wallas and the Webbs, Shaw co-founded the London School of Economics in 1895 to promote “the betterment of society.” Shaw won the Nobel Prize (though he refused the monetary award) for his contribution to literature in 1925 and an Academy Award for Best Screenplay in 1938 for the film “Pygmalion.”

Shaw’s work sometimes overtly criticized religion, such as his play “Androcles and the Lion” (1912) and the short story “The Adventures of the Black Girl in Search for God.” (1938). While Shaw claimed to have become an atheist at age 10, he started to reject atheism and classify himself as a mystic. But throughout most of his life he remained critical of organized religion and especially the Christian church. “There is nothing in religion but fiction.” (Back to Methuselah, 1924)

Near the end of his long life, Shaw requested that “the form of a cross or any other instrument of torture or symbol of blood sacrifice” be omitted from all memorials to him. (D. 1950)

PHOTO: Shaw at 80.

“It is not disbelief that is dangerous to society, it is belief.”

— Shaw, "Androcles and the Lion" (1912)

Compiled by Bonnie Gutsch

© Freedom From Religion Foundation. All rights reserved.

Daniel Everett



On this date in 1951, linguist Daniel Everett was born in Holtville, Calif., to a working-class family. A voracious reader, Everett became interested in linguistics after viewing “My Fair Lady” as a high schooler. He met Keren Graham, the daughter of Christian missionaries, in high school and, at 17, became a born-again Christian. A year later, he and Keren married. After graduating from the Moody Bible Institute of Chicago in 1975, they both enrolled in an international evangelical organization, the Summer Institute of Linguistics (S.I.L.), with the mission of “spreading the Word of God” by translating the bible into the languages of preliterate societies.

Everett was chosen to work with the Piraha, a small tribe of about 350 people in the jungles of Brazil. S.I.L. had sent prior missionaries to this tribe before, but due to the complexity of the Piraha language, none had succeeded in mastering it. Among other challenges, it is a language that is as likely to be hummed or whistled, as it is to be spoken. Keren, Everett and their three young children were sent to the Piraha village at the mouth of Maici River. The Piraha have resisted all efforts from outside influences, steadfastly maintaining their own culture.

Everett’s conclusion that the Piraha language lacks grammatical recursion (sentences embedded within sentences, a concept promoted by foremost linguist Noam Chomsky and considered a cornerstone of language) has created controversy in the field of modern linguistics. Everett discovered the Piraha have no creation myths; they don’t draw pictures or make up stories about the ancient past. They believe in spirits, with which they may have a direct encounter, but “there’s no great god who created all the spirits,” Everett noted. (Science News, Dec. 2005).

Everett eventually lost his faith and became an atheist. It took 19 years before he told his wife and, when he did, their marriage ended and two of his three children disassociated themselves from him.

Everett served as chair of linguistics, languages and cultures at Illinois State University at Normal. His book, Don’t Sleep, There Are Snakes: A Life in the Amazon, was published by Random House in 2008: “The Pirahas have shown me that there is dignity and deep satisfaction in facing life and death without the comforts of heaven or the fear of hell, and of sailing towards the great abyss with a smile. And they have shown me that for years I held many of my beliefs without warrant. I have learned these things from the Pirahas, and I will be grateful to them for as long as I live.”

“I went from being a Christian missionary to an atheist.”

— Everett interview, New Scientist (Jan. 18, 2008)

Compiled by Jane Esbensen

© Freedom From Religion Foundation. All rights reserved.

Stanley Kubrick



On this date in 1928, filmmaker Stanley Kubrick was born in New York City to secular Jewish parents, Sadie (Perveler) and Jacob Kubrick, a physician. He gave up his idea of becoming a jazz drummer after his father gave him a Graflex camera at age 13, and his photographic talent blossomed.

Shortly after graduating from high school in 1945, he snapped a photo of a weeping man surrounded by newspapers announcing FDR’s death. He submitted it to Look magazine, received $25 and was hired by Look a year later as an apprentice photographer. In 1948 he married Toba Metz, his high school sweetheart, in a union that lasted three years.

After making several low-budget short films, he directed the first of his 13 feature films, “Fear and Desire,” in 1952. Following that were “The Killing” (1956), “Spartacus” (1960), “Lolita” (1962), “Dr. Strangelove, or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb” (1964), “2001: A Space Odyssey” (1968), “A Clockwork Orange” (1971), “Barry Lyndon” (1975), “The Shining” (1980), “Full Metal Jacket” (1987) and “Eyes Wide Shut” (1999).

His critically acclaimed “Spartacus” featured an all-star cast including Kirk Douglas and Laurence Olivier. The screenplay was written by blacklisted Hollywood Ten victim Dalton Trumbo. The film won four Oscars and received six Golden Globe nominations. President John F. Kennedy crossed an American Legion picket line to watch it.

Kubrick’s second marriage, to dancer and actress Ruth Sobotka, ended in 1957. The next year he married actress Christiane Harlan. They had two daughters, Vivian and Anya, and, concerned about violence in America, in 1961 moved to England, where they lived until his death 40 years later.

British censors were also more forgiving about his movie “Lolita” and its acceptance of Vladimir Nabokov‘s character Humbert Humbert, obsessed with a barely pubescent girl played by Sue Lyon. Lolita’s mother, played by Shelley Winters and in love with Humbert, asks him if he believes in God. He answers, “The question is does God believe in me?”

Kubrick’s science fiction epic “2001: A Space Odyssey,” co-written with Arthur C. Clarke, is widely seen as among the most influential films of all time and one subject to a variety of interpretations. Kubrick refused to divulge what the meaning was and if some critics were correct in calling it “profoundly religious.”

Kubrick: “How much would we appreciate La Gioconda today if Leonardo had written at the bottom of the canvas: ‘This lady is smiling slightly because she has rotten teeth’ or ‘because she’s hiding a secret from her lover?’ It would shut off the viewer’s appreciation and shackle him to a ‘reality’ other than his own. I don’t want that to happen to ‘2001.’ ” (Playboy magazine interview, September 1968)

He further says in the interview that humans have to create their own meaning. “The most terrifying fact about the universe is not that it is hostile but that it is indifferent. … However vast the darkness, we must supply our own light.” He would say that “chance chemical reactions” over billions of years created life on Earth, not God or some godlike being.

He died of unexpectedly during the night of a heart attack at age 70 a week after screening the final cut of “Eyes Wide Shut.” (D. 1999)

PHOTO: Kubrick at age 21 in Look magazine; public domain photo.

“I don’t believe in any of earth’s monotheistic religions, but I do believe that one can construct an intriguing scientific definition of God, once you accept the fact that there are approximately 100 billion stars in our galaxy alone, that each star is a life-giving sun and that there are approximately 100 billion galaxies in just the visible universe.”

— Kubrick interview (Playboy, September 1968)

Compiled by Annie Laurie Gaylor

© Freedom From Religion Foundation. All rights reserved.

Aldous Huxley



On this date in 1894, Aldous Huxley, grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley and brother of Julian Huxley, was born in Surrey. An eye disease partially blinded him at age 16 for about a year and a half. He regained enough vision to study, read and become a successful novelist. Two volumes of his poetry were published while he was still a student at Oxford. He launched a successful career as a satiric writer of novels, which included: Crome Yellow (1921), Antic Hay (1923), Those Barren Leaves (1925), Point Counter Point (1928), Brief Candles (1930), Brave New World (1932) and Eyeless in Gaza (1936).

His screenplays included “Pride and Prejudice” (MGM’s version of the Austen book), “Madame Curie” (1938, and “Jane Eyre” (1944). Huxley observed toward the end of his life, “It is a bit embarrassing to have been concerned with the human problem all one’s life and find at the end that one has no more to offer by way of advice than ‘Try to be a little kinder.’ ” (D. 1963)

“If we must play the theological game, let us never forget that it is a game. Religion, it seems to me, can survive only as a consciously accepted system of make-believe.”

“You never see animals going through the absurd and often horrible fooleries of magic and religion. … Asses do not bray a liturgy to cloudless skies. Nor do cats attempt, by abstinence from cat’s meat, to wheedle the feline spirits into benevolence. Only man behaves with such gratuitous folly. It is the price he has to pay for being intelligent but not, as yet, quite intelligent enough.”

— Aldous Huxley, "Texts and Pretexts" (1932)

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Lucy Colman



On this date in 1817, abolitionist infidel Lucy N. Colman (née Danforth) was born in New England, a descendant of John and Priscilla Alden through her mother’s side. She was twice widowed. When her second husband was killed in a work-related accident, she was left to support her 7-year-old daughter. With workplace door after door slammed in her face because of her sex, she discovered “woman’s wrongs.” She wrote, “I had given up the church, more because of its complicity with slavery than from a full understanding of the foolishness of its creeds.”

She turned to teaching in Rochester, earning less than half what a male teacher made. Susan B. Anthony discovered her and invited her to address a teachers’ association. She created a sensation by urging the abolition of corporal punishment in schools (see quote). She became an abolitionist lecturer, sacrificing security, comfort and wages to work against slavery. Often mobbed, she found that the racist ringleaders were nearly always clergymen. Frederick Douglass conducted the funeral for her daughter Gertrude, who died suddenly at college.

Colman later taught at a “colored school” in Georgetown and held many philanthropic positions. She wrote regular columns for the leading freethought publication, The Truth Seeker. She died at age 88 in Syracuse, N.Y. (D. 1906)

“If your Bible is an argument for the degradation of woman, and the abuse by whipping of little children, I advise you to put it away, and use your common sense instead.”

— Lucy Colman, paper delivered at New York teacher's convention (The Truth Seeker, March 5, 1887)

© Freedom From Religion Foundation. All rights reserved.

Mick Jagger



On this date in 1943, Michael Philip Jagger was born in Dartford, Kent, England. He was one of the founders of the iconic band the Rolling Stones in 1962 and became its lead singer and songwriter. Jagger has toured with the band in many different countries. The Stones were awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1986.

In 1971 Jagger helped create the Rolling Stones Records label. He achieved further fame as a solo artist with five albums, including “She’s The Boss” (1985) and as an actor and producer who founded the Jagged Films company. He has acted in films such as “Performance” (1968) and “Ned Kelly” (1970), and his music appeared in the 2004 film “Alfie.” In 2003, Jagger was knighted as Sir Michael Jagger for his Services to Music. He has married twice (common law with Jerry Hall) and has eight children with five women, the most recent in 2016.

“Like most English people I’m not a great believer,” Jagger said in a 2007 interview with The Independent. “I’ve read Richard Dawkins’ book and it’s very persuasive. I’m more in awe of the universe and that’s not really a belief in God.” Jagger has also spoken out about the harm of religion. “Killing for ideas is the most dangerous form of killing at all. Being willing to die for your ideas rather than your country is another concept, but dying for an idea, like in religion, is absurd,” Jagger said in an interview with High Times in 2003. Some sources say that Jagger practices Buddhism.

“I don’t have belief in the Holy Book. I don’t think many English people do.” 

— Jagger, to The Independent, 2007

Compiled by Sabrina Gaylor

© Freedom From Religion Foundation. All rights reserved.